Also, leaving the bolt out of the distributor will allow you to rotate it much further than its supposed to just to see if you can get it to fire up in a different position. 10ºbtdc is quite a distance for the distributor to compensate, and rotating it forward (or backwards, depending on where you have it installed, as we really don't know at this point) will give you an idea on which way you need to turn the rotor before re-stabbing it back in.
Have someone turn the ignition, and quickly rotate the distributor one way until you hear it backfire and/or start. If it doesn't do either, rotate the other way. Make note of where that's at, set to 0º on crank, and without turning the distributor, slide it out and see where the rotor is pointing (obviously, pulling the cap off to see before you pull it out!). While holding the rotor so it doesn't move its position, rotate the housing so the slot aligns with the hole, re-stab and then try it again. Re-start engine, test plug shorted, and check timing with timing light.
And speaking of, if you have an adjustable timing light, have someone crank it over and see where your timing is at before you do any of this! That will tell you where your timing is at. I'm gonna go out on a limb here and say that you probably have the engine 180º out and distributor is also far off so no cylinders are firing at all.